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Know who your users are and how they see their world.
V5R1 LPAR and Clustering
Personas Report
Dennis Schmidt
Jeff Scheel
June 7, 1999
Final Version
Contents
| Introduction |
3 |
| Why Should You Read This? |
3 |
| How to Use This Information |
3 |
| Disclaimer |
3 |
| Project Goals |
4 |
| Project |
4 |
| Goal/Desired Results |
4 |
| Personas |
5 |
| Medium Size Environment: Pottery Barn |
5 |
| Environment Description |
5 |
| Persona: Jeff |
5 |
| Persona: Robert |
6 |
| Persona: Jason |
7 |
| Large Company Environment: Nationwide Auto Supply |
8 |
| Environment Description |
8 |
| Persona: Jon |
8 |
| Persona: Ed |
9 |
| Persona: Ann |
10 |
| Persona: Linda |
11 |
| Persona: Mark |
12 |
| Persona: Merlin |
13 |
| Simple Cluster Environment: Slick Willie's Style |
14 |
| Environment Description |
14 |
| Persona: Wanda |
15 |
| Persona: Michael |
15 |
| Persona: Hal |
16 |
| Appendix A: Information Sources |
17 |
Introduction
Why Should You Read This?
Whenever we design anything we design with a specific perspective in mind. By default, the perspective we use is our own. This isn't a problem if the people who will use our products are just like us. But what if the people who will use our products aren't like us? What if when we look at a glass half full of water, we see a glass half full of water and the people who use our products sees a beaker of H2O, or something to draw like shapes and colors, or something to drink, or something to play in? To be successful we need to produce designs that work for our users and not for us.
So, how do you do that? How do you see the world from your user's perspective and design what works for them? Personas are one of the tools software interface designers use to solve this problem. Personas help you recognize who your users are, what motivates them, and what they need and want to accomplish during their day. From here, answering the questions of what to put in, what not to put in, where to put it, and how to say it become questions you can successfully answer.
How to Use This Information
For this information to have an impact on your product, you need to us it. The best way to use this information is to:
- Read the Project Goals and Persona chapters. You do not need to read any other sections.
- Without looking at this report, can you describe the environments and personas? If you can't, go back to step 1 and review the Persona chapter.
- When you make decisions about your product or you have a question to answer, ask yourself these types of questions:
- What would Robert want to do at this point?
- How would Jason feel about this?
- How would JoAnn do this?
- And so on...
If you find yourself saying: "If I were the user I'd...." STOP! You are not your user. You are a highly skilled software engineer working with some of the best software engineers on the planet. You are not your user! You need to answer these questions from your user's point of view.
Disclaimer
People described in this report are composites of existing customers and are not descriptions of any one specific person.
Project Goals
Project
The goal of this project is to provide support to logically partition an AS/400 system and simple clustering of AS/400 systems.
Goal/Desired Results
What do you want to accomplish and for whom? How will you know when you have achieved it?
Partitioning High Level Goals
- Customers are able to easily setup and manage partitioned AS/400 systems.
- Minimize amount of hardware knowledge to do partitioning
- Eliminate need to use both XPF and SLIC; DST and SLIC - Want a single environment place to all the LPAR
- Jason is able to do the partition without having to know about all the hardware in the system
Clustering High Level Goals
- Customers are able to easily setup and manage a simple cluster of 2 AS/400 systems.
Personas
Medium Size Environment: Pottery Barn
Environment Description
The business is run in primary partition. Test system will be consolidated by putting a test system in a secondary partition (because they couldn't afford a second system and it is cheaper to buy a larger system and partition).
1 to 2 secondary partitions exist.
The IS staff consists of 2-4 people max.
They have a second black box IMPI system. They buy a new system every 3 to 4 years. They just bought a new big system (4-way).
All disks are protected with RAID to minimize the expense.
They believe they are 24x7 but are more really like 22x6.
They are located in Cincinnati, Ohio and run an inventory/sales database for catalog and Internet sales.
Persona: Jeff
Personal
- 40 years old
- Married and kids
- Drives a minivan
- Owns a PC and is always upgrading, but kids use it more than he does
Education, Skill, Knowledge
- Knows system like the back of his hand
- College degree in business
- Has lots of hands on experience
- Grew up around computers
- Reads trade journals
- Goes to COMMON at least once a year
Job
- Responsible for system - keep it up and running
- System administrator (company too small for CIO)
- Makes buying decisions
- Dabbles in everything - maintenance, performance, basic system admin., planning, . . .
Motivators
Goals / Tasks / Steps
- Goal: Have a test system with out having to buy more hardware.
- Task: Makes decision to do partitioning
- Task: Does planning for partitioning (been to web page, collected their information)
- Task: Were ready to go before they contacted IBM (self-sufficient)
- Task: Configures LPAR the first time
- Task: Creates the partition
- Task: Allocates processor resources such as processor pools, processor weights, minimum/maximum/initial values
- Task: Configures I/O resources for each partition
- Task: Selects the load source, console, alternate IPL and ECS resources for each partition
- Task: Displays the hypervisor release delta
- Goal: Keep the partitions running smoothly and services them as little as possible
- Task: Maintains the partitions by adjusting them periodically (e.g. Logically moves disk units (minimally), adds disk units, processors, and other resources). This involves moving resources such as processors between partitions.
- Task: Makes manual changes to partitions when necessary
- Task: Performs LPAR recovery actions following a partitions failure, system disaster, or release migration
- Task: Will have to perform saves in an LPAR environment and provide basic system support for each partition
- Task: If partition crashes he will need to restart the partition and possibly get a main store dump or start Dedicated Service Tools (DST)
- Task: Displays the I/O resources each partition owns
- Task: Displays the partition's processor (logical or physical) activity (i.e. The green lights)
- Goal: Use the partitions and do normal operations
- Task: Powers on/off partitions (both immediate and delayed)
- Task: Adjusts the IPL source (A, B, C, or D)
- Task: Sets IPL mode of Manual, Normal, Auto, or Secure
- Task: Selects partition IPL attributes at system IPL time (Hold or IPL)
- Task: Displays the current partition System Reference Code (SRC) and SRC history
- Goal: Clean up the system
- Task: Deletes partitions no longer needed
Persona: Robert
Personal
- Single
- Late 20s
- Not much of a swinger
- Drives a 15 year old rusty pickup because its paid for
- Doesn't own a PC
Education, Skill, Knowledge
- High school degree
- Attending local community college / tech school
Job
- Hangs tapes - does saves on weekends
- Been in this job for 5 years
- Second job for him (he can do on odd hours)
- Does the checklist and goes home
- Get done what he's told to get done
Motivators
- Cash
- Run family farm / own his own business someday
Goals / Tasks / Steps
- Goal: Keep the partitions running smoothly and services them as little as possible
- Task: If partition crashes he will need to restart the partition and possibly get a main store dump or start Dedicated Service Tools (DST)
- Task: Moves resources such as processors, memory, and I/O between partitions
- Task: Displays the I/O resources each partition owns
- Task: Displays the partition's processor (logical or physical) activity (i.e. The green lights)
- Goal: Use the partitions and do normal operations
- Task: Will have to perform saves in an LPAR environment and provide basic system support for each partition
- Task: Powers on/off partitions (both immediate and delayed)
- Task: Adjusts the IPL source (A, B, C, or D)
- Task: Sets IPL mode of Manual, Normal, Auto, or Secure
- Task: Selects partition IPL attributes at system IPL time (Hold or IPL)
- Task: Displays the current partition System Reference Code (SRC) and SRC history
- Task: What does he do when something occurs that is not on his list?
Persona: Jason
Personal
- 24 years old
- Likes Star Trek
- Was at Toys R Us at midnight to get the latest Star Wars toys and spend $200
- Single
- Drives 2 year old sports car
- Eats a lot of fast food
- Lives in an apartment
- Shy, quiet
- Plays around on PC at home, buys a new one rather than upgrade
Education, Skill, Knowledge
- College degree (B student)
- Reads PC Magazine,
- Knows Java, HTML, JavaScript
Job
- Write programs
- In training to be #1 guy
- May stay 2-4 years before moving on
- Out of college 2 years
- Company using him as a hack programmer
- Supports their web page
Motivators
- Wants to work for IBM someday doing development
- Likes technology, software, . . . .
Goals / Tasks / Steps
- Goal: Use and manage the test partitions
- Task: Will be involved in trying to fix problems in secondary partition
- Task: Owns any test partitions
- Task: Changes test partitions to create different test environments
- Goal: Be the back for Jeff
- Task: Has backup role for Jeff. Can do Jeff's tasks but not as his primary job. (needs Jeff's tasks to be easy to learn)
Large Company Environment: Nationwide Auto Supply
Environment Description
Company headquarters are located in California. They have been in existence for almost 30 years and have stores in all 50 states. They supply auto parts and have a reputation of having any part or being able to get it in a day.
All stores have a model 170 for day-to-day operations. Sales and inventory for common parts are kept on the store computer. Nightly "info updates" occur from store to HQ systems.
Each 170 is a cookie cutter system and maintains minimal store unique information.
Headquarters has a four 650 12-way systems. 2 run inventory (hot backup). 2 run accounting and sales info (hot backup. backup used for data mining.).
Headquarters also has a two 3xx model systems used for development.
They purchased HABP software and data mining packages. They wrote a custom sales and accounting package.
IT staff does system support, development, and data mining. Total of 20-40 people.
They want web-based ordering.
Persona: Jon
Personal
- Professional, business oriented guy
- Likes computers and believes they will revolutionize the work place
- E-business advocate
- Frequents e-trade website and performs Internet stock trading
- Son of the company founder, owner, and CEO
- Paid his own way through college (hard worker)
- Drives an Acura 4-door sedan
- 40 years old
- Single
- Doesn't have a PC at home. Spends most of his time at work
Education, Skill, Knowledge
- State university 4-year liberal arts degree
- MBA from small private school
- Self-taught computer user
- Well-read in both technical and literature
- Worked in PC lab while going to college
- Good understanding of business
- Heard about LPAR in an AS/400 trade journal
Job
- VP of company with responsibility for IT
- Introduced the company to the data warehousing/mining concepts
- Revenue has increased since data mining has occurred
Motivators
- Self-motivated to be successful (pride)
- Loves computers
- Wants to be CEO of his own company, not necessarily his fathers
Goals / Tasks / Steps
- Goal: Driving Internet based ordering
- Task: Reduce IT overhead
- Task: Setting IT direction / vision
- Task: Setting IT budget
- Task: Makes final decisions (e.g. Whether to go with LPAR)
Persona: Ed
Personal
- 55 years old
- Married with 3 children and 2 grandkids
- Worked for the company all of his life
- Enjoys earlier morning breakfasts at truck stops
- Family friend of Jon's father
- Has a PC at home and knows a little bit about it.
Education, Skill, Knowledge
- College graduate, state college.
- Degree in music.
- Started working for the company as a stock boy in high school
- Interested in computers all of his life
- Helped support the first computer owned by the company, a System 34.
Job
- IT manager
- Has development teams and system management teams reporting to him.
- Manages Jon's direction but has little personal vision
Motivators
- Bleeds blue blood
- Believes company cannot go wrong with IBM
- Thinks Jon is a "sharp kid"
- Likes what he does. Wants to see the company succeed.
Goals / Tasks / Steps
General
- Goal: Reduce costs
- Goal: Ensure web-application is seamless and secure
- Goal: Keep the ship afloat
- Task: solve problems as the come up
LPAR
- Goal: Believes LPAR can be used to consolidate backup systems AND development systems and a "firewall" for the website
- Task: Does the LPAR planning and pre-administration work (doesn't do the actual LPAR configuration)
Clustering
- Goal: Provide high availability
- Task: Sees need and evaluates all cluster solutions to select HABP
- Task: Involved in high level configuration (what goes in which places)
- Task: Decides level of replication
Persona: Ann
Personal
- 35 years old
- Happily married with one child (2 years old)
- Family first, career a close second
- Loves to surf the web and use chat rooms
- Drives a 96 Saturn wagon
- Worked for the company 5 years
- Has a PC at home - married to someone in computer manufacturing industry
Education, Skill, Knowledge
- College degree in MIS at a church affiliated small university
- Work as supplemental computer operator while in high school (not this company)
- Paid her own way through college
- Father retired from IBM Rochester
- Worked at IBM Rochester in customer support after college for 5 years.
Job
- Systems management team lead
- Responsibility for Backup/Recovery strategy and daily operations of systems
- Leads team of 6 system operators
- Key LPAR configuration expert
- Key cluster configuration expert
- Developed the disaster recovery plan
- Configured High Availability Business Partner (HABP) solution for hot backup system
- Instrumental in data warehousing/mining implementation
- Key technical contact to Business Partners
Motivators
- Wants to manage business side of company, not necessarily this company
- Works for money
- Proud of education and accomplishments
- Aspires to be a manager
Goals / Tasks / Steps
General
- Goal: Manage the people on staff and setup up an efficient working environment
- Task: Create operations procedures for daily and weekly operations
- Task: Writes guidelines / procedures for operators (e.g. How to backup)
- Task: Handles the performance and growth issues (keeps an eye on these two areas)
- Task: First person called for technical support
LPAR
- Goal: Set up a high availability environment
- Task: Makes decisions about maintenance
- Task: Assists in planning of LPAR configuration with Ed
- Task: Configures LPAR the first time
- Task: Creates the partition
- Task: Deletes partitions
- Task: Allocates processor resources such as processor pools, processor weights, minimum/maximum/initial values
- Task: Configures I/O resources for each partition
- Task: Selects the load source, console, alternate IPL and ECS resources for each partition
- Task: Displays the hypervisor release delta
- Goal: Keep the partitions running smoothly and services them as little as possible
- Task: Maintains the partitions by adjusting them periodically (e.g. Moving disk drives, processors, and other resources)
- Task: Sets up automatic move of processors between partitions (uses Management Central scheduled tasks)
- Task: Makes manual changes to partitions when necessary
- Task: Performs LPAR recovery actions following a partition failure, system disaster, or release migration
Clustering
- Goal: Set up a high availability environment
- Task: Makes decisions about maintenance
- Task: Assists in planning cluster configuration with Ed
- Task: Configures clustering the first time
- Task: Creates cluster
- Task: Selects data to replicate
- Task: Configures resilient applications
- Task: Creates contingency plan for applications that are not resilient
- Goal: Keep the cluster environment running smoothly
- Task: Makes manual changes to clusters when necessary
- Task: Performs cluster recovery actions after a node failure, system disaster, . . .
Persona: Linda
Personal
- 45 years old
- Married and divorced several times
- No children
- Presently, her mother lives with her
- Likes repetition in life. Change makes her nervous.
- Worked for the company all of her life
- Drives a 1986 Honda Accord (gray)
- Desk is immaculate
- Surfed the web once and "fell off"
- Doesn't own a PC
Education, Skill, Knowledge
- High school education only
- AS/400 skills are kept in a notebook which contain lists of all "procedures"
- Once (early in career) tried to display a tape using DST Display/Alter/Dump
- Unable to handle unexpected events
Job
Motivators
- Job completed successfully, just like last time
- Have job tomorrow
Goals / Tasks / Steps
General
- Goal: Get her daily tasks done
- Task: Basic system operator tasks
- Task: Weekly saves
- Task: Keep accurate tape library
LPAR
- Goal: Keep each partition up an running
- Task: Will have to perform saves in an LPAR environment and provide basic system support for each partition
- Task: If partition crashes she will need to restart the partition and possibly get a main store dump or start Dedicated Service Tools (DST)
- Task: Moves I/O resources between partitions
- Task: Displays the I/O resources each partition owns
- Task: Displays the partition's processor (logical or physical) activity (i.e. The green lights)
- Task: Powers on/off partitions (both immediate and delayed)
- Task: Adjusts the IPL source (A, B, C, or D)
- Task: Sets IPL mode of Manual, Normal, Auto, or Secure
- Task: Selects partition IPL attributes at system IPL time (Hold or IPL)
- Task: Displays the current partition System Reference Code (SRC) and SRC history
Clustering
- Goal: Keep cluster working smoothly and do routine tasks
- Task: Does saves on backup system
- Task: Stops and starts replication to do backup
Persona: Mark
Personal
- 37 years old
- Married, no kids
- Wife works for a different company
- Commutes 1 hour to work
- Met Jon at a coffee bar, found mutual interest in computers
- Owns a PC and uses it a lot
Education, Skill, Knowledge
- BS in computer science at Stanford
- MS in CS being pursued through night courses from UC Berkley
- Worked for the company for 2 years
- Previous work experience includes Unix and PC work. New to AS/400. Doesn't believe in AS/400 as a computer.
- Hired to replace previous team lead of 10 years who lead the design of the sales and accounting application package
Job
- Application development team lead
- Trying to support accounting/sales "wish-list" of function
- Charged with designing web-based ordering application
Motivators
- Likes the "game" of programming
- Concerned about supporting the applications written in RPG
- Thinks Java is the language of choice
- Supports Jon's vision of the web
Goals / Tasks / Steps
General
- Goal: Balance new function design, maintenance of existing function, and design for web
LPAR
- Goal: Ultimately will be a key player in system consolidation using LPAR
- Goal: Use and manage the test partitions
- Task: Will be involved in trying to fix problems in secondary partition
- Task: Owns any test partitions
- Task: Changes test partitions to create different test environments
- Task: May not actually perform configuration actions but will provide "directions" for configuration
- Goal: Be the back-up for Jeff
- Task: Has backup role for Ann. Can do Ann's tasks but not as his primary job. (needs Ann's tasks to be easy to learn)
- Task: Second level of support
Clustering
Persona: Merlin
Personal
- 28 years old
- Single but living with a significant other
- Vegetarian. Likes granola and tofu.
- Wears sandals, shorts, and t-shirt to work
- Shaves once a week. Cuts his own hair once a month or so.
- Drives 1968 VW bug. Hates the new ones.
- Parents live in southern California and are independently wealthy
- Starts work about noon ... goes home around 11:00 PM.
- Has a PC and is continually jazzing it up. Has his own website.
Education, Skill, Knowledge
- College dropout. Was majoring in Computer Science.
- Interested in artificial intelligence.
- Left college to go to work as a programmer.
- Been with the company 7 years
- Recognized as brightest technical person in IT organization
Job
- Application developer
- Data mining guru
- Responsible for the sales and accounting database development so that the information can be effectively mined.
- Will be used in a consultant mode for the web project.
Motivators
- Technology is a beautiful thing
- Making computers "think"
- Just wants respect but not recognition
Goals / Tasks / Steps
General
- Goal: Find the next "gold" mine
- Goal: Enable more effective mining
- Task: Optimize the data warehouse
LPAR
- Goal: Enable more effective mining
- Task: Tunes the data mining partition (moves processors for testing difference scenarios)
- No direct LPAR tasks
Clustering
- Goal: Do some data mining
- Task: Take a node off-line to do data mining
Simple Cluster Environment: Slick Willie's Style
Environment Description
They are located in Washington, D.C. And are a tourist store down by the Capital.
The are a web-based order system for Bill Clinton merchandise and require 7 x 24 availability. Lost time is lost business.
They have two 620s with two switchable DASD towers for a mutual backup/takeover environment.
One system handles the web business and the other manages the store.
DASD is RAID protected.
Persona: Wanda
Personal
- 45 years-old
- Divorced. 2 kids.
- Founder and owner of business
- Drives a Ford Taurus
- Likes fast food. Loves Italian food, especially home cooked.
- Work is her life
- Has a PC but kids use it
Education, Skill, Knowledge
- Business degree from Ivy League school
- Learned AS/400s from ex-husband
- Additional computer training through night school
Job
- Manager of the business
- Makes IT decisions and product line decisions
- Selected AS/400 based on ease of use and low cost of ownership
- Cannot afford data replication of HABPs but requires data resilience
Motivators
- Wants to be an entrepreneur. Cannot afford large IT staff so must help from time to time.
- No work, no eat
Goals / Tasks / Steps
- Goal: Keep the inventory supply flowing in and out through the business - Sell, sell, sell
- Task: Simple cluster operations for day-to-day survival
- Task: Starts and stops notes (primarily for backups)
- Task: Switches over towers (may do to backup of do software maintenance)
- Task: Resumes DASD recovery protection (doesn't configure or add DASD)
Persona: Michael
Personal
- 25 years old
- Single, but dating Wanda's daughter
- Quiet, introverted
- Computer wizard
- Drives a 1996 Ford Escort hatchback (Silver)
- Reads Midrange Computing
- Loves to play Internet based computer games
- Hates Italian food
Education, Skill, Knowledge
- Graduate of Georgetown University in CS (B student)
- Learned AS/400 skills on the job
Job
- IT specialist for the company
- Plans, supports, configures the systems
- Customizes web pages
- Performed cluster setup with minimal help from Al
Motivators
- Likes Wanda but likes Wanda's daughter better
- Loves computers
Goals / Tasks / Steps
- Goal: Work with computers
- Goal: Keep the business systems alive and functioning
- Task: Help Wanda with the computer side of the business
- Task: Provide technical interface to Hal (when necessary)
- Task: Setup / configures cluster environment, IASPs, and resilient applications
- Task: Creates cluster - selects nodes
- Task: Decides which is the primary node and which is the backup
- Task: Starts and stops nodes - basic operations things
- Task: Decides who has authority to do cluster actions (security - Wanda can only do operator type functions)
- Task: Does all DASD configuration tasks
Persona: Hal
Personal
- Outgoing, extroverted, confident 48 year-old
- Married with children
- Lives in New York
- Italian who loves to cook Italian food
- Believes he has sex appeal
- Has a PC and thinks he know what he's doing with it
Education, Skill, Knowledge
- Graduate of NYU in business
- Self-taught System 38 and AS/400 expert
- Regular AS/400 beta customer
- Attends Common twice a year since beginning
- Believes he's an expert in all aspects of the AS/400
Job
- Self-employed independent AS/400 consultant (for over 10 years)
- Contracted to company on an hourly basis to set up and configure the cluster
- Helped Wanda purchase her systems
- Visits Wanda regularly
Motivators
- Ego and attention. Wants to be viewed as the expert.
- Proud of his accomplishments and self-made business
- Believes IBM is the greatest company ever created
- Loves the AS/400 and cannot understand why everyone does not use it
Goals / Tasks / Steps
- Goal: Make money for self and IBM
- Task: Keep Wanda happy
- Task: Sell consulting services for LPAR and Clustering
- Task: Understand concepts and limitations (has had hands-on with a beta while a developer did the work)
Appendix A: Information Sources
The information contained in this report was obtained from and reviewed by the following people:
- Jeff Scheel
- Chuck Stupca
- James Ranweiler
- Mark Manges
- Dennis Schmidt
- David Mead
- Chee Peh
- Sudhindra Patri
- Bradley J Lory
- Michael Brinker
- Mark Bunton
- Ruth Poole
- Dan Laun
- John Tillotson
- Samuel R Choy